There is an interesting discussion of the Alien Enemies Act of 1798, which I believe was signed by John Adams and is still in force, over at  VFR.

TITLE 50 > CHAPTER 3 > � 21
� 21. Restraint, regulation, and removal

Whenever there is a declared war between the United States and any foreign nation or government, or any invasion or predatory incursion is perpetrated, attempted or threatened against the territory of the United States by any foreign nation or government, and the President makes public proclamation of the event, all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of the hostile nation or government, being of the age of fourteen years and upward, who shall be within the United States and not actually naturalized, shall be liable to be apprehended, restrained, secured, and removed as alien enemies. The President is authorized in any such event, by his proclamation thereof, or other public act, to direct the conduct to be observed on the part of the United States, toward the aliens who become so liable; the manner and degree of the restraint to which they shall be subject and in what cases, and upon what security their residence shall be permitted, and to provide for the removal of those who, not being permitted to reside within the United States, refuse or neglect to depart therefrom; and to establish any other regulations which are found necessary in the premises and for the public safety.

This act specifies "nation or government." The reading of "nation" may possibly be construed to apply the Muslim ummah, since the authors obviously wanted to cover more than agents of foreign governments. Notice also that it states that this law would come into effect either by a declaration of war (as between the U.S. and Japan) or by a predatory incursion (without a formal declaration of war) and with or without a government being involved. Naturalized citizens would be exempt.