The Fruits of Rage, Part II
by Richard L. Rubenstein (April 2009)
Continued from Part I)
[2] Would any other government add to the hazards facing its own people by permitting the enemy’s civilian population, deliberately placed in harm’s way by its own rulers, to dwell in safety? Just how many deaths and injuries is Israel expected to sustain before retaliating?
The fundamental cause of the Gaza war of 2008-2009 was Hamas’s use of its rockets to make normal life untenable in an ever-expanding area of Israeli territory. Both the UN and the so-called “international community” have acted as enablers by routinely condemning any serious Israeli attempt to defend its citizens and its territory. In spite of having been labeled a terrorist organization by the United States and other Western powers and widely distrusted by many Sunni Arab governments, Hamas has largely succeeded in garnering widespread, tacit international support for its attacks against Israel. For example, on January 4, 2009 Sandro Magister, an Italian authority on the Vatican, commented in Chiesa, his daily blog, that while the Vatican had condemned the “massive violence” in Gaza, it did not exhibit a comparable concern for “the existence of Israel-which its enemies want to annihilate, and is ultimately at stake in the conflict.” Magister added that, in spite of having diplomatic relations with Israel, “Every time a conflict erupts, the [Vatican’s] judgment is that the Arabs are the victims. Even Islamist terrorism is traced back to this basic cause.”
A similar, if not more hostile, attitude has long pervaded the UN as well as the foreign offices, media, churches, and relief organizations of most Western European countries. Implicit in their one-sided complaints is the conviction that without Israel, there would be no Middle East conflict and the influence of radical Islam would be greatly diminished.[4]
When one compares the inaction of the West and the UN when actual mass murder and genocide have taken place in Rwanda, where in 1994 an estimated 800,000 were killed in 100 days, and in Darfur, where 300,000 are estimated to have been killed and 2,500,000 displaced, with the eagerness with which Israel has been repeatedly singled out for condemnation and vilification, it would appear that something other than rational political behavior is operative. [5] At one level, such behavior seems to reflect the fact that there are far more Muslims in the world than Jews and that close to 25,000,000 Muslims live in Western Europe.
[8] He notes that this is also true of Israel as a nation among nations.
the father of political Zionism. Herzl became convinced that only mass emigration and resettlement in a territory of their own could save Europe’s Jews. He devoted the rest of his life to the realization of that goal. There was much that was problematic in Herzl’s thinking, but his prescience concerning the impending doom of Europe’s Jews is undeniable.[11]
Civiltà Cattolica’s editorial is an important example of the witness people myth. Pope Pius X expressed a similar sentiment in the audience he granted Theodore Herzl on January 25, 1904. When Herzl requested the Pope’s support for Zionism, the Pontiff replied:
The Vatican and the State of Israel finally entered into diplomatic relations in 1993. The State of Israel had demonstrated its durability and it was the political authority in a region of historical importance to the Church. As it had accommodated itself to a wide array of regimes, not all to its liking, so the Church accommodated itself to diplomatic relations with Israel, but the theological rejection of a sovereign Jewish state never ceased.
After cursorily examining alleged Jewish wickedness throughout history, Al-Ansari offers his justification for the Holocaust: “The corruption spread by the Jews was very great. Very great. It got to the point that the rulers themselves had no solution but to annihilate them.” Some very gruesome clips of death-camp scenes are exhibited as Al-Ansari comments: “Let us watch how oppressors are killed by the people they oppressed.” Skeleton-like Jews are shown awaiting their turn to be burned to death. There are also horrific scenes of Jews being tortured after which Al Ansari addresses the TV audience: “The [Jews] are oppressors. They are being deported.” When a film clip shows mounds of Jewish corpses being bulldozed into mass graves, Al-Ansari exults: “Ibn Mas’oud was right when he said: “All the oppressors are killed by those they oppress.” Close-ups of dead bodies are shown. Al-Ansari tells his viewers: “These are bodies, these are dead people, these are skulls. These are the bodies of the Jews being loaded like animals. Watch this tractor clearing away the corpses of the Jews, and these are the refugees awaiting their turn to be killed.” As a Muslim religious leader, he expresses the pious hope: “This is what we hope will happen, but, Allah willing, at the hand of the Muslims (emphasis added).“
Al-Ansari’s Holocaust propaganda actually exceeds in viciousness anything Joseph Goebbels, Hitler’s Propaganda Minister, ever contrived. The Nazis were careful to hide their extermination program from public view. By contrast, Al-Ansari and Al-Rahma TV offer for public viewing some of the worst examples of the Nazi extermination program and torture as models of Allah’s vengeance with the prayer that Muslims be permitted to repeat and complete the Nazi performance. This is both an expression of and an incitement to hatred, rage, and genocide as a holy act. Unfortunately, the average Muslim does not possess the kind of knowledge with which to recognize the viciousness and mendacity of such programs. Unfortunately, the statesmen who talk of “peace in the Middle East” ignore the power of this kind of propaganda.
When we turn to Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, we find a similar message without the Nazi trappings. Al-Qaradawi is the author of over 100 books on Islam and Islamism and is one of the most widely read contemporary Islamic scholars. He also has had a weekly program on Al-Jazeera TV, al-Shari’a wal-Hayat (Shari’a and Life) and is the co-founder and president of the International Association of Muslim Scholars and the European Council for Fatwa and Research. He has, however, been refused entry into the United States and has been barred from entering the United Kingdom as a “threat to peace and security.” [15]Although controversial, Al-Qaradawi is not a fringe figure but a major Islamic leader capable of influencing millions.[16]
During the Israeli action against Hamas in Gaza, Qaradawi delivered a TV sermon on Friday January 9, 2009 in which he called for the complete extermination of the Jews:
We wait for the revenge of Allah to descend upon them, and, Allah willing, it will be by our own hands: ‘Fight them, Allah will torment them by your hands, and bring them to disgrace, and will assist you against them, and will heal the hearts of the believers, and you will still the anger of your hearts.’ This is my message to the treacherous Jews, who have never adhered to what is right, or been true to their promises, who violate each time the promises they make to you.”
Qaradawi’s call to genocide was not an angry, momentary outburst. On the contrary, the sermon is an Islamic legal argument that carefully leads to the conclusion that the extermination of all Jews is not only justified but mandatory under Islamic law. He begins the argument by reminding his viewers:
who… destroyed their homes, razed their temples, and burned their Torah, and took them into captivity in Babylon for 70 years.” When they repeated their offense at a later date, Allah sent the Romans “as masters upon them.”
He then complains of the Jewish ingratitude:
“The Jews have lived as dhimmis in our land for a long time, and no Muslim violated the covenant with them…. Despite this, they were not faithful to the [covenant]. When they were banished from Europe, they found no compassionate bosom, no cave to shelter them, except for the lands of Islam… but when [the Jews] gained influence, they turned their backs on them, and we have become their victims.”
In essence, Qaradawi’s complaint is that the Jews have broken the dhimma, the pact of surrender and submission which they or their ancestors had concluded with their Muslim overlords in exchange for the right of peaceful domicile. Since even minimal human rights for dhimmis in Islam are conditional upon fulfillment of the conditions of the dhimma, Muslims are under no obligation toward them. Their lives and property are now forfeit.
[18]
The following is a brief description of such photographs. They are a representative sample.
MUSLIM RAGE IN ACTION [35][38]Nariman House was hidden away on a narrow, remote side street. It was, however, as deliberately targeted as the five-star Taj Mahal hotel. Kasab is reported to have told police that, in order to familiarize themselves with the building, some of the terrorists disguised themselves as Malaysian students and rented rooms at the Chabad center before the attack[39] [40] Like many other Muslims, Kasab believes that Jews have no right whatsoever to be in Palestine save as dhimmis under Muslim domination. Hence, they consider any warlike act by Israel, defensive or offensive, to be an atrocity. It is in that sense that we can understand Kasab’s claim that the assault on the Chabad center was, in his mind, a legitimate act of vengeance. [41] Regarded as shaheeds, martyrs, by the Islamists, the killers, were actuality torturers in the name of their God. Their behavior was consistent with that advocated by Sheikh Amin Al-Ansari in his TV address that we discuss above.
Seeking information and control, religious and political institutions have used torture as an instrument of compulsion for centuries. This was evident, for example, in the Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229) in which the newly established Inquisition played a major role in the destruction of the dualist Cathar sect in the Languedoc region of France.[42] The Inquisition sanctioned torture to identify and rout out heresy. In our time, torture has been used to extract information such as an enemy’s intentions or the identity of his clandestine agents. Nevertheless, such torture was seldom an end in itself and was normally terminated when the torturer achieved his objective.
One of the reasons the torture, degradation, and murder of prisoners at Abu Ghraib elicited such widespread revulsion was that most of the abuses were acts of pure sadism with no purposeful objective. The torture was an end in itself perpetrated by military personnel who thought they could act with impunity. This was also the case at the Chabad center in Mumbai. Torture was inflicted on the young rabbi and his wife simply to intensify the pain of their deaths. If nothing else, such sadism demonstrates dominance, a dominance Islam has not achieved over the State of Israel. Moreover, as painful as was the torture inflicted on the young rabbi, the worst pain may have been having to watch helplessly as others, including his pregnant wife, were tortured. The vengeful sadist enjoys a symbolic victory when genuine victory is unattainable. Unable to defeat real enemies, he takes revenge on a defenseless surrogate. Nevertheless, such satisfaction is ephemeral and cannot alter the shame of real defeat.
[43] Finally released on February 13 as he was about to expire, he was found naked by a railroad track with eighty percent of his body covered with burn marks and knife wounds. He died on the way to a hospital. Although mainstream French Muslims have often massed in protest against perceived injustices, they had no interest in the Halimi case.[44]
Other examples of the same phenomenon include ritualistic decapitation and near decapitation of innocent victims in the name of Allah, such as Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl in Pakistan, French-Jewish DJ Sebastien Selam in Paris, Theo van Gogh in Amsterdam, and Ariel Sellouk in Houston, Texas. Pearl was the South Asia Bureau Chief of the Wall Street Journal, stationed in Mumbai. He came to Pakistan ostensibly to investigate possible connections between Al Qaeda and Richard Reid, the “shoe bomber,” who was arrested in December 2001 for attempting to ignite explosives hidden in his sneakers while on a Paris to Miami flight. There is some suspicion that Pearl’s real interest lay in investigating links between Al Qaeda and Pakistan’s powerful Inter-Services Intelligence agency (ISI).[45][47]
[48] KSM was arrested by the ISI in Pakistan on March 1, 2003 and has been in American custody ever since. On March 10, 2007 KSM proudly declared at a Combatant Status Review Tribunal Hearing at Guantánamo Bay:
I was the Operational Director for Sheikh Usama Bin Laden for the organizing, planning, follow-up, and execution of the 9/11 Operation….I was the Military Operational Commander for all foreign operations around the world under the direction of Sheikh Usama Bin Laden and Dr. Ayman Al-Zawahiri. I was directly in charge, after the death of Sheikh Abu Hafs Al-Masri Subhi Abu Sittah, of managing and following up on the Cell for the Production of Biological Weapons, such as anthrax and others, and following up on Dirty Bomb Operations on American soil.
I hereby admit and affirm without duress that I was a responsible participant, principal planner, trainer, financier (via the Military Council Treasury), executor, and/or a personal participant in the following:
KSM then listed twenty-nine major operations, not all of which were brought to fruition. Far from being a confession of wrongdoing, his admission was in reality a boastful claiming credit. The third item on his list was his statement about Daniel Pearl:
I decapitated with my blessed right hand the head of the American Jew, Daniel Pearl, in the city of Karachi, Pakistan. For those who would like to confirm, there are pictures of me on the Internet holding his head (emphasis added).[49]
[51] We deal with this incident in greater detail in another chapter.
[52]. According to Burke, the Algerian film consists of “graphic footage of the deaths of more than 20 young conscripts in an ambush.” These were ordinary Muslims conscripted for military service by the Algerian government. There was no way they could have refused military service. The film shows the trucks that carried the conscripts hitting a GSPC mine and exploding. The Salafists then slit the throats and shot the survivors. Other pictures of dead soldiers were shown, some with skulls shot away and brains exposed, followed by images of joyful “Islamists congratulating each other and offering prayers of thanks.” The murder scenes are preceded by the injunctions on the screen: “Fight them until the sentence of God is [56] Such thinking is, of course, consistent with the doctrine of jihad and of an Islamist tendency to see themselves as victims.
fits into a widespread pattern of Muslims who lead quiet lives before turning to terrorism” and that his behavior “represents the ultimate Islamist nightmare: a seemingly well-adjusted Muslim whose religion inspires him, out of the blue, to murder non-Muslims.”[57]
In yet another instance of what Pipes has identified as Sudden Jihad Syndrome, on February 12, 2007, Sulejman Talovic, a 22 year old Bosnian Muslim with a United State Permanent Residence Card (green card), suddenly began firing into a crowd at the Trolley Square Mall in Salt Lake City, Utah. Before being stopped by two off-duty policemen, Talovic had killed five people and wounded at least four others. Characteristically, neither the police nor the FBI agent involved in the case could find reason to label the attack as either a terror attack or religiously motivated. Indeed, unless the perpetrator openly proclaims his deed an act of vengeance, all too often, public officials in the West have preferred to characterize such attacks as isolated incidents for which no motive can be assigned. Moreover, there has been a tendency on the part of the police and the FBI to deny that random acts of homicidal violence perpetrated by Muslims are religiously motivated even though the assailants themselves often assigned such motives for their deeds.[58]
[59] Response to the Pope was of shorter duration but included the murder of an elderly Italian nun and her body guards in Somalia. Western institutions have been given graphic examples of the price to be paid for arousing Muslim ire. Unfortunately, Muslim ire has been aroused and, at least among Islamists, it will not be calmed until they are convinced that the shame and disgrace of Muslim defeats from the Battle of Lepanto (1571) to the Israeli War of Independence (1948) and the Six Day War (1967) has been erased.
[1] Dore Gold, “Is Israel Using ‘Disproportionate’ Force in Gaza?” Jerusalem Post, December 30, 2008, http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=
1230456535626&pagename=JPArticle%2FShowFull .
[2] On Hamas’s use of the basement of Gaza’s Shifa hospital, see Amos Harel, “Sources: Hamas leaders hiding in basement of Israel-built hospital in Gaza,” Haaretz, January 12, 2009, http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1054569.html<font size="2">; for its policy of using of civilians and civilian institutions as human shields, see Steven Erlanger, “A Gaza War Full of Traps and Trickery,” New York Times, January 11, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/11/world/middleeast/11hamas.html?_r=1&hp .
[3] Sandro Magister, “In Gaza, the Vatican Raises the White Flag,” www.chiesa, January 4, 2008, http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/213171?eng=y.
[4] This attitude has often been expressed but seldom as crudely as it was by the late Daniel Bernard, former French Ambassador to the Court of St. James, .at a London dinner party in December 2001. The diplomat said, “All the current troubles in the world are because of that shitty little country Israel.” He added, “Why should the world be in danger of World War III because of those people?” See Tom Gross, “Prejudice and Abuse,” National Review On Line, January 10, 2002,
http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-gross011002.shtml .
[5] For a brief overview on Rwanda, see “Rwanda: How the Genocide Happened,” BBC News, December 18, 2008,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1288230.stm , accessed January 14, 2009. For the figues on Darfur, see “UN,: 100,000 more dead in Darfur than reported,” CNN.com, April 22, 2008, http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/04/22/darfur.holmes/index.html?eref=rss_topstories .
[6] Reluctant Witness, pp. 8ff.
[7] Ibid., emphasis added.
[8] Reluctant Witnesses, p. 3.
[9] St. Augustine, City of God, trans. Henry Bettenson, (London: Penguin Books, 1972), Book XVIII, Ch. 45, p. 828. For this citation, I am indebted to James Carroll, Constantine’s Sword: The Church and the Jews (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001), pp. 216-217.
[10] See John Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A Short History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987)p. 16.
[11] Herzl, for example, sought a top-down solution to the Jewish problem seeking, for example, the support of Kaiser Wilhelm II and Sultan Abdul Hamid II as well as such Jewish notables as Baron Maurice de Hirsch. Moreover, he offered no realistic assessment of the possible response of the Islamic world to the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine.
[12] Civiltà Cattolica, May 1, 1897, cited by Minerbi, op. cit., p. 96
[13] Theodore Herzl, The Diaries of Theodore Herzl, trans. and ed. Marven Lowenthal (New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1962), p.428.
[14] “To Mark ‘Holocaust Holiday,’ Egyptian Cleric Amin Al-Ansari Revises History, And Comments On Footage of Prisoners Being Tortured in Dachau, Mauthausen, and Belsen, Saying: ‘This Is What We Hope Will Happen But, Allah Willing, at the Hand of the Muslims’,” MEMRI, Special Dispatch No. 2215, January 27, 2009. Video clips with sub-titles are available at the web site,
http://www.memri.org/bin/latestnews.cgi?ID=SD221509. On International Holocaust Memorial Day, see “General Assembly Designates International; Holocaust Remembrance Day,” UN News Centre, November 1, 2005,
http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=16431&Cr=holocaust&Cr1.
[15] Jenny Booth, “Muslim Outrage as Yusuf al-Qaradawi refused UK visa,” TimesOnLine, February 7, 2008,
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article3325439.ece .
[16] For a biographical essay on Qaradawi, see Ann Bélen Soage, “Shaykh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi: Portrait of a Leading Islamic Cleric,”Middle East Review of International Affairs, Volume. 12, No. 1, March 2008).
[17] “Sheikh Yousef Al-Qaradhawi On Al-Jazeera Incites Against Jews, Arab Regimes, and the U.S.; Calls on Muslims to Boycott Starbucks and Others; Says ‘Oh Allah, Take This Oppressive, Jewish, Zionist Band of People… And Kill Them, Down to the Very Last One,’” MEMRI Special Dispatch, No. 2183, January 12, 2009, http://www.memri.org/bin/latestnews.cgi?ID=SD218309<font size="2"> ; a video clip of the sermon can be seen at http://www.memritv.org/clip/en/1981.htm.
[18] It is interesting to note that Qaradawi has been cited by Georgetown University professor John Esposito as among the eminent scholars who are engaging in the “reformist interpretation of Islam and its relationship to democracy, pluralism and human rights.”John Esposito, “Practice and Theory,” (A response to the symposium on “Islam and the Challenge of Democracy),Boston Review: A Political and Literary Forum, April/May 2003, http://www.bostonreview.net/BR28.2/esposito.html.
[19]See “List of newspapers that reprinted Jyllands-Posten’s Muhammad cartoons,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_that_reprinted_Jyllands-Posten%27s_Muhammad_cartoons, accessed January 18, 2009.
[20] Religion of Peace Demonstration London Google Image Search, http://images.google.com/images?ndsp=18&um=
1&hl=en&q=religion+of+peace+Demonstration+London&start=36&sa=N, accessed January 18, 2009.
[21] This photograph can be found in Nissan Ratzlav-Katz, “Genocidal Chants at Anti-Israel Rallies Worldwide,” Arutz Sheva: IsraelNationalNews.com, January 6, 2009, http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/129252 .
[22] YouTube, “Chilling Islamic Demonstration of Cartoons, London,” February 3, 2006, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_kyNIevsIs .
[23] YouTube, “Muslims Attack London Police (January 3, 2009),”
http://video.aol.com/video-detail/muslims-attack-london-police-jan-3-2009/2461411621/?icid=VIDURVNWS04<font size="2"> ; see also “Police Battle - Gaza Protest (London, January 3, 2009,” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ql5l3_iwFXg&feature=related and YouTube, London, Jsnuary 11, 2009, YouTube, “Starbucks cafe smashed by protesters (opposite Israeli Embassy),” http://video.aol.com/video-detail/starbucks-cafe-smashed-
by-protesters-in-london-10th-jan-2009-national-demo-infront-of-the-israeli-embassy/2305843011595498684/?icid=VIDURVNWS01
[24] In this chant, Muhammad, the prophet and military commander, serves as Islam’s sanctified role model. In 629 Muhammad and his followers launched against the Jews of Khaybar in the Arabian peninsula. According to Robert Spencer, “When modern-day jihadists invoke Khaybar, they are … recalling an aggressive, surprise raid by Muhammad which resulted in the final eradication of the once considerable Jewish presence in Arabia. To the jihadists, Khaybar means the destruction of the Jews and the seizure of their property by the Muslims.” It is what they have in mind for Israel. Robert Spencer, “Khaybar, Khaybar,” Jihad Watch, August 9, 2006,
[25] “War Protests or Pro-Hamas Hate Rallies?” an essay with video clips of the Investigative Project on Terrorism,
[26] YouTube, “090103 pro-Hamas Hizbollah expressions during anti-Israel demonstrations,” January 3, 2009, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLlHPPO25nM .
[27]YouTube, “Pro-Hamas Demonstration – Fort Lauderdale FL,” December 30, 2009, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3Xl68kP4wo.
[28] YouTube, “Pro-Arabisk Demonstration,” Copenhagen, January 10, 2009, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeUzAk1nXy4
[29] “Appels au meurtre des Juifs au centre-ville de Montréal,” YouTube, January 4, 2009, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ly4SjTGIL9Y&feature=channel and “Huit minutes de haine à Montréal,” YouTube, January 11, 2009, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-99WSxvt_uU&eurl=http://pointdebasculecanada.ca/ .
[30] See Nina Shea, “Worldwide Hate Speech Laws,” The Weekly Standard, November 24, 2008, Volume 14, Issue 10, http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/015/822stktc.asp and Glenn Greenwald, “The Noxious Fruits of Hate Speech Laws,”Salon, January 13, 2008, http://www.salon.com/opinion/greenwald/2008/01/13/hate_speech_laws/ .
[31] For an overview of Muslim use of “hate speech” legislation to constrain legitimate discussion of Islam, see “Free Speech in an age of jihad,” The New Criterion: A special pamphlet, Summer , 2008.
[32] I discussed the behavior of the police in an e-mail communication with an English colleague who wrote: “The whole demonstration was totally unruly, menacing and disorderly, and if the Police had stopped it they would have been accused of breaking up a “peaceful” protest….and the YouTube footage would only have showed the police reaction to the violence and “non-violent” protesters being “attacked” by “out of control cops!” E-mail communication to author, January 28, 2009.
[33] World Gazeteer, “World’s Largest Cities and Towns,” http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=
abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pnan, accessed December 29, 2008.
[34] Spengler, “The Failed Muslim States to Come,” Asia Times, December 16, 2008, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JL16Ak02.html, accessed December 29, 2008. A similar estimate was offered by Ehud Barak, Israel’s Defense Minister. See “Captured terrorist says Israelis specifically targeted in Mumbai, six victims identified,” DEBKAfile, December 5, 2008, http://www.debka.com/headline.php?hid=5742, accessed December 29, 2008.
[35]See the discussion by French filmmaker Pierre Rehov of suicide bomber motivation on MSNBC’s “Connected” program, July 15, 2005, “The Psychology Behind Islamic Suicide Bombings,” http://www.snopes.com/rumors/soapbox/rehov.asp . For a discussion of the contemporary debate on virgins as a reward for martyrdom in contemporary Islam, see “’72 Black Eyed Virgins’: A Muslim Debate on the Rewards of Martyrs,” MEMRI,, Inquiries and Analysis, No. 74, October 31, 2001, http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Area=ia&ID=IA7401#_edn27.
[36] Matt Wade, “Captured terrorist reveals plot to kill up to 5,000,” The Age (Australia), December 1, 2008, http://www.theage.com.au/world/
captured-terrorist-reveals-plot-to-kill-up-to-5000-20081130-6nrv.html.
[37] Loc. cit.
[38] Jeremy Kahn, “Jews of Mumbai, a Tiny and Eclectic Group, Suddenly Reconsider Their Serene Existence,” New York Times, December 2, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/03/world/asia/03jews.html?fta=y .
[39] “Mumbai locals helped us, terrorist tells cops,” The Times of India, November 30, 2008, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-3774106,prtpage-1.cms .
[40] “Mumbai locals helped us, terrorists tells cops,” The Times of India, November 30, 2008, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Mumbai_locals
_helped_us_terrorist_tells_cops/articleshow/3774106.cms .
[41] Damien McElroy, “Mumbai Attacks: Jews tortured before being executed during hostage crisis,” Daily Telegraph (UK), February 12, 2008, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/3539171/Mumbai-attacks-Jews-tortured-before-executed-during-hostage-crisis.html .
[42] On the Albigensian Crusade see, for example, Zoeé Oldenbourg, Massacre at Montségur: A History of the Albigensian Crusade, trans. Peter Green (New York: Pantheon Books, 1961; see also Joseph R. Strayer, with an epilogue by Carol Lansing, The Albigensian Crusades, (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992).
[43] Sebastian Rotella and Achrene Sicakyuz, “Parisians Stare at the Evil Within,” Los Angeles Times, February 26, 2006,
http://articles.latimes.com/2006/feb/26/world/fg-projects26 .
[44]See Nidra Poller, “The`Murder of Ilan Halimi,” Wall Street Journal, February 26, 2006, http://www.opinionjournal.com/extra/?id=110008006 .
[45] Abdullah Iqbal, “Pearl was probing spy agencies’ role,” Gulfnews.com (United Arab Emirates), March 25, 2002,
http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/02/03/25/45233.html..Bernard-Henri
[46] For an interpretation of what transpired immediately before and during the shooting of the video, see Bernard- Lévy, Who Killed Daniel Pearl? trans. James X. Mitchell (Hoboken, NJ: Melville House, 2003), pp. 34-43.
[47] “Government urges CBS, Web site host to refrain from airing Pearl murder video,” The News Media and the Law, Summer 2002,
http://www.rcfp.org/newsitems/index.php?i=5962 .
[48] The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorists Attacks Upon the United States (Washington: U.S. Government Printing House, 2004), p. 145.
[49] Verbatim Transcript of Combatant Status Review Tribunal Hearing for ISN 10024 (Unclassified), www.defenselink.mil/news/transcript_ISN10024.pdf, accessed January 3, 2009.
[50] A. Guillame, trans., The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Ishaq’s Sirrat Rasul Allah (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 369. For an explanation of the context of this saying, see danielpipes.org,, March 13, 2008,
http://www.danielpipes.org/comments/122533.
[51] Lawrence Wright, The Looming Tower Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006), pp. 252-258: Douglas Jehl, “70 Die in Temple Attack,” New York Times, November 18. 1997 and “At Ancient Site Along the Nile, Modern Horror,” New York Times, November 19, 1997.
[52] Jason Burke, “You have to kill in the name of Allah until you are killed,” The Observer (UK), January 27, 2002,
http://observer.guardian.co.uk/islam/story/0,1442,640288,00.html and “Terror video used to lure UK Muslims,” The Observer, January 27, 2002, http://observer.guardian.co.uk/islam/story/0,,640079,00.html .
[53]Jessica Rocha, “Suspect says he meant to kill,” The News & Observer (Chapel Hill, NC), March 7, 2006,
http://www.newsobserver.com/102/story/415421.html</a>; see also Jesse James De Conto, “Taheri-Azar Admits He Wanted to Kill,” The News & Observer, August 13, 2008, http://www.newsobserver.com/news/crime_safety/taheriazar/story/1175584.html .
[54]“Police: Suspect considered UNC attack for two years,” Fayetteville Online,
http://www.fayettxevillenc.com/local/article_ap?id=81878<font size="2">; See Daniel Pipes, "The Quiet-Spoken MuslimsWho ‘Turn to Terror,” New York Sun, March 14. 2006, http://www.danielpipes.org/article/3450
[55]Jessica Rocha, “Suspect says he meant to kill,” The News & Observer (Chapel Hill, NC), March 7, 2006,
http://www.newsobserver.com/102/story/415421.html.
[56] Brenda Goodman, “Defendant Offers Details of Jeep Attack at University,” New York Times, March 8, 2006,
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/08/national/08carolina.html?_r=1&oref=slogin.
[57] Daniel Pipes, “The Quiet-Spoken Muslims Who Turn to Terror,” The New York Sun, March 14, 2006, h
ttp://www.nysun.com/foreign/quiet-spoken-muslims-who-turn-to-terror/29080/, accessed November 16, 2008.
[58] Robert Spencer, “Salt Lake Jihad?,” Front Page Magazine, February 15, 2007, http://frontpagemagazine.com/Articles/Read.aspx?GUID=BC27E3E0-B300-4E9C-B9BE-8002A99385E7, accessed November 16, 2008.
[59] Over 100 were killed in Nigeria alone. See Lydia Polgreen, “Nigeria Counts 100 Deaths Over Danish Caricatures,” NewYork Times, February 24, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/24/international/africa/24nigeria.html, accessed January 5, 2009..
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