by Theodore Dalrymple
The post-mortem examination of actor Matthew Perry shows that he died principally of ketamine poisoning, though the condition of his body suggested that he had not otherwise lived an altogether healthy life.
Traces of other psychoactive prescription drugs were also found in his body and may have played some supporting role in his death. A search of his house revealed a veritable pharmacopeia of prescription and over-the-counter drugs, few of which were of the kind likely to improve his health greatly or save him from ill health.
There are still unanswered questions about his death, which it was no part of the post-mortem examination to answer. How did he come by and take an anesthetic dose of ketamine? Were his drugs prescribed by one doctor alone, or by more than one? If the latter, did they know what the others were prescribing?
Polypharmacy, as the prescription of many different drugs or medicines at the same time is known, is very common, and among the elderly almost universal, but it’s hazardous and often harmful. However many warnings there are against it, the practice continues, as if by some invisible compulsion. I spent more of my career trying to persuade people to stop taking their medications than I did in prescribing them. In some circumstances, in prison, for example, there’s almost an inverse rule of compliance: those who take their medicine don’t need it, and those who need it don’t take it. Of course, this is only a very rough rule.
Despite the fact that it has been shown over and over again that the combination of opioid drugs with benzodiazepines, the latter safe in themselves, is extremely dangerous, patients are somehow still prescribed them simultaneously. Moreover, many patients—most, in fact—don’t take medications exactly as prescribed. They forget; they think they’re better and therefore stop; they feel worse and therefore take more than prescribed.
I learned this early in my career when I visited an old lady in heart failure, who was being visited by a neighbor who suffered from severe asthma. “Here,” said the old lady, “take some of these. I always take a few extra when I’m not feeling well.” The neighbor reciprocated the gift with her own medication.
Mr. Perry was prescribed opioids and benzodiazepines. Here’s how such polypharmacy occurs: a patient goes to his doctor and complains of something. The doctor prescribes a medication. The patient returns a little later. “Has the prescription helped?” asks the doctor. “I think so,” says the patient, so that the doctor is reluctant to stop it. Then the patient describes another problem, and the procedure is repeated until the patient is taking a veritable cocktail of drugs. If by chance the doctor does stop one of the drugs (he’s reluctant to do so just in case it is working, even if the patient doesn’t realize it) and prescribes something to replace it, the patient doesn’t throw the surplus pills away; he stores them in a cupboard, for future use. You never know when they might be needed again, even if they didn’t work the first time.
The plethora of medications found in Mr. Perry’s house suggests that he, and possibly one or more of his doctors, believed the modern superstition that for every human dissatisfaction, from that of aging skin to loneliness, there’s an equal and opposite pill or potion.
Of course, this is nothing new: If you look at magazines from a century and more ago, they’re full of advertisements for quack medicines. Doing some historical research into three murders committed in the 1840s, I discovered quite by chance that half of provincial newspaper owners or editors in Britain also actually sold the quack medicines that took up half the advertising space in their publications—a fine example of commercial synergy. Moreover, about half the quack medicines they advertised were supposedly either preventive or curative of syphilis, casting a lurid light on the fears, justified or not, of the Victorians.
However, we’re still inclined to believe that, with the advance of science and technology, we can live a life of permanent satisfaction and even happiness. Therefore, we medicalize their opposite, as if the natural state of Mankind were perpetual bliss, deviations from which were a pathology that called for medical intervention.
It’s 30 years since the best-selling book “Listening to Prozac” was published. The author, Peter D. Kramer, complained that the media had “missed the main story” about Prozac:
“The transformative powers of the medicine—how it went beyond treating illness to changing personality, how it entered into our struggle to understand the self—were nowhere mentioned.”
Dr. Kramer made a prediction, which turned out to be correct:
“I suspect we will come to discover that modern psychopharmacology has become, like Freud in his day, a whole climate of opinion under which we conduct our different lives.”
The phrase “climate of opinion” is taken, of course, from W.H. Auden’s poem, “In Memory of Sigmund Freud,” written shortly after Freud’s death:
“… to us he is no more a person now but a whole climate of opinion, under whom we conduct our different lives …”
But a whole climate of opinion isn’t the same as truth, and saying that we conduct our lives under that climate of opinion isn’t the same as saying that we conduct them better. I can’t help but recall a vainglorious post on the website of the National Institute of Drug Abuse claiming that it, the institute, had contributed greatly to new understandings of drug addiction—this at a time when unprecedented numbers of people in America were dying of overdoses of addictive drugs.
First published in Epoch Times.
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6 Responses
Perry got the fame and fortune that he thought he wanted yet he was made so totally miserable by both that he went the self-medication route to alleviate the psychological horror of his extraordinary success – a success that he himself had wanted, yearned for, worked for, and doggedly pursued. Perry’s miserable and premature death is perhaps more about the pain of getting what one thinks one wants rather than the chemical cocktails of minimizing the angst of having got it. That is, this seems a matter more about the meaning and value of life than it does about the dangers, though true, of the chemicals ingested to run from whatever thought and spiritual demons afflicted Perry -many of them likely inate to him personally and also perhaps self-created on his upward trajectory of the success that he had pursued and got- much to his own horror and disappointment.
As I get older and see the misery that fame and fortune imposes on its recipients, I see it as a curse.
A curse to wake up every single morning and know that your entire being is being scrutinized, from the wrinkles around your eyes, to every single word you say, and to every friend you have.
You lose the ability to meet normal people because everyone in your fame circle is screened and vetted. No wonder then that they turn to the underground for relief from that unremitting light.
Not too many come out the the other end unscathed.
Loved the anecdote involving the older ladies with heart failure and asthma. So comic and yet human.
Perry DID suffer a workplace [movie set] injury in the 90s and ended up one of America’s millions on poorly monitored painkillers, probably like many of us would be, unable to tell where the lines were between persistent pain as a result of continued physical weakness/damage, persistent pain as a purely neurological function [no less real, really], and merely physical or psychological addiction to the drugs themselves.
This sounds like a very unhappy place to be and, as far as I can tell, the only form of drug addiction that could genuinely happen to anyone, so I sympathize.
But, it is true, he also suffered psychological problems due to whatever combination of neurology and circumstances afflicted him, and perhaps the challenges of managing his, eventually somewhat reduced, fame.
And before all that, he had and himself wrote about, addictive tendencies going back to childhood trauma AND admitted abuse of alchohol and all sorts of substances on a recreation basis even before Friends, which is when he became famous.
So he had a lot of problems, some of his own choice and some not, working against him.
I only take meds for diabetes and blood pressure and cholesterol, at modest, low, and very low doses, plus a couple of vitamins.
All the meds prescribed by the same doc using the same pharmacist and every one I take every day as ordered and any new addition I always question when told of it. And I told her and she had no problem with the supplements.
AS things get more complicated with age, maybe there will be problems, but absent dementia I do NOT understand the mindset of those old ladies and the not so old people who often treat meds the same way. I think they’re out of their minds.
And do you believe saturated animal fats are bad for your heart?